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Sources

Sources and references

This is the full reference list used across the calculators and guides. Each entry names the publisher and year, and the date we last checked the source.

Reference list

  • Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, et al. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1990. Accessed 2026-01-18.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Losing weight: steady, gradual weight loss of 1 to 2 pounds per week. CDC, reviewed 2023. Accessed 2026-01-18.
  • Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes: Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges for protein, carbohydrate and fat. National Academies Press, 2005. Accessed 2026-01-18.
  • Jäger R, Kerksick CM, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2017. Accessed 2026-01-18.
  • World Health Organization. Body mass index classification for adults. WHO, 2024. Accessed 2026-01-18.
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Obesity: identification, assessment and management (CG189). NICE, updated 2023. Accessed 2026-01-18.

How we choose a source

We prefer public-health bodies and professional position stands over single studies, and we name the equation author rather than a secondary blog. Where guidance differs between countries we say so instead of averaging it away.

Spotted a newer edition of something listed here? Tell us.

Page reviewed 2026-01-18. These pages are general educational information, not medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Read the full medical disclaimer.